Ovarian cysts and period pain: What’s normal and what’s not?

 

According to World Health Concern, more than 80% of women experience period pain, while 5% to 10% have dysmenorrhea that impacts their daily activities. There is still confusion for women in understanding ovarian cysts and period pain, and knowing which is normal and which is not. 

Severe, debilitating pain that causes issues in completing even daily activities, accompanied by fever, vomiting, and nausea, should not be ignored. 

Understanding Period Pain (Dysmenorrhea)

Primary dysmenorrhea, a condition common in teenagers and young women in their early 20s, results from uterine contractions during menstruation. Such cramping usually starts just before or with the onset of your period and lasts for 1–3 days. Research shows that 50%–90% of menstruating people have some kind of period pain, and 5% to 10% have severe pain that disrupts normal functioning.

Secondary dysmenorrhea, on the other hand, is a result of underlying pathologies such as endometriosis, fibroids, PCOS, or ovarian cysts. Such pain is more severe, prolonged, and at times accompanied by other symptoms such as heavy bleeding or dyspareunia. 

Understanding Ovarian Cysts 

Ovarian cysts are sacs filled with fluid either on or within the ovary. The majority are completely benign and a normal occurrence during the menstrual cycle. In fact, 10% to 30% of women will have at least one cyst throughout their lifetime.

About 4% to 7% of women aged 24 to 40 show such cysts on ultrasound, and up to 46% of women in bigger populations may develop them at some time in their lifetime. 

The most common type, functional cysts, happen every month, like follicular cysts (when a follicle fails to release an egg) or corpus luteum cysts (after ovulation), and typically go away on their own in 1–3 cycles. 

Stats that you should know-

  • Around 90% of women experience some form of period pain. 
  • 30% report severity in their pain, which hampers their daily activities. 
  • Around 20% to 50% with infertility have issues like endometriosis, which is linked to painful periods. 
  • Due to a lack of symptoms, 25% of ovarian cancers are diagnosed when they become severe. 

How pain of cysts and menstrual cramps different?

Ovarian cyst pain-

  • Feels like a stabbing pain on one side
  • It might happen mid-cycle (ovulation) or after menstruation, and this pain lasts for up to hours.
  • This pain causes ovarian torsion, which is intense and sudden, and comes with nausea and fatigue.
  • Heaviness, urinary pressure, bloating, gastrointestinal issues, and pain during intercourse.

Period cramps-

  • Start just before or on the same day of menstruation
  • Headache, fatigue, and nausea.
  • Last up to a couple of days, like 2 or 3.
  • Cramps in the lower abdomen and back. 

When do ovarian cysts mimic period pain?

Doctors are still lacking in understanding the chances of cysts because of the lack of knowledge of the symptoms. They cause similar signs, like period pain like pelvic pain, bloating, and pressure. But there are some signs that you can notice, like pain on one side, which occurs outside the menstrual window, sudden or severe pain (happens when the cyst ruptures or twists). 

Some point which considers normal pain-

  • Most women experience cramps during their period, and they vary from mild to moderate. But through mild health therapy or doctor-recommended medication, it goes away.
  • One third of the women face twinges during the ovulation phase, and this is not concerning. 

When does pain demand medical attention?

  • If a women have severe pain around the lower abdomen that is not tied to menstruation.
  • Swelling and bloating unexpectedly without periods. 
  • Heavy, less, or irregular menstrual cycle.
  • Unable to get pregnant and having pain during intercourse. 

According to experts, “Most cysts are benign, but painful symptoms can cause severe issues. That is why proper diagnosis and regular monitoring are important”.

What’s your next step?

If you are facing challenges related to period issues or any other reproductive health concern, your first step is to seek medical attention. They can detect the problem and can treat you timely manner. 

To detect the size, type, and appearance of the cysts, a transvaginal ultrasound is conducted. If the size of the cyst is> 5cm, then further processing is conducted. Although several women face these challenges, only 1% of the ovarian cysts detected are cancerous. The chances are very low, but delaying treatment is never the solution.  

Management and treatment

  • Through lifestyle modifications like eating healthy, regular activities, avoiding consuming toxins, and analysing health can help to treat your period pain and detect cysts in the early stage. 
  • Surgical processes like laparoscopy (a minimally invasive procedure), laparotomy (a larger incision is used), and oophorectomy (necessary when the cyst is detected as cancerous) are conducted to treat the ovarian cyst. 
  • Make sure to go for an ultrasound every 2 to 3 months to ensure your health, because nothing is valuable than your health. 

Concluding Note 

Mild pain in the middle of the cycle and menstrual cramps are normal and usual. Conversely, pain due to ovarian cysts, particularly sharp, pinpoint, repetitive, or ongoing, can be a sign of something significant. About 10–30% of women will develop a cyst at some time, and most of them will go away without any treatment, but others will require assessment and treatment.

If you’re unsure whether your symptoms are normal or worrying, consult a healthcare provider, especially if pain persists beyond your menstrual window or disrupts your well-being. Aveya Fertility Centre provides one of the best services to treat women, because the female body faces a lot of challenges, and period pain should not be the one that adds to the issue in the list.

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