Oligospermia: Low Sperm Count Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Oligospermia: Low Sperm Count Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

 

Welcome to Aveya IVF, where we specialize in providing comprehensive care for male fertility concerns, including oligospermia (low sperm count). At Aveya IVF, we understand how challenging it can be to face infertility, and we’re committed to helping you every step of the way. If you’re struggling with a low sperm count, this page will provide you with essential information on the causes, symptoms, and treatment options available to help you and your partner on your journey to parenthood.

What Does It Mean To Have A Low Sperm Count?

A low sperm count, also called oligozoospermia, is where a man has fewer than 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen, motility is less than 35%, and sperm morphology is less than 4%.

Healthy sperm count is essential for fertility as low counts of sperm have a higher probability of poor fertilization of eggs, leading to infertility. Having a low sperm count can make it more difficult to conceive naturally, although successful pregnancies can still occur. However, remember this oligospermia does not necessarily mean that conception is impossible. If you receive the right treatment and support, you can conceive or become a father even with a low sperm count.

Types of oligospermia.

  • Mild oligospermia is where 10-15 mill sperms per mil of semen are found.
  • Moderate is where 5 – 10 mill sperms are found in per mil of semen
  • Severe oligospermia is where 1- 5 mil sperms are found in per mil of semen
  • Cryptospermia is a condition where 0 to rare sperms are found in per mil of semen. An additional test is required in this case.

Symptoms of low sperm count:

One of the primary symptoms of low sperm count is the inability to conceive. For this condition, unfortunately, no major signs are there but occasionally, cases of chromosomal abnormality or hormonal imbalance, low sexual drive problem in maintaining an erection, or some swelling in the testicle area might be seen. However, the symptoms of oligospermia are not noticeable, some men may experience the following signs such as- 

  • Infertility: Difficulty in conceiving with a partner.
  • Changes in Sexual Function: Decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, or problems with ejaculation.
  • Pain or Swelling: Swelling or pain in the testicles could indicate underlying conditions like varicocele.
  • Abnormal Hair Growth or Loss: A lack of facial or body hair might indicate hormonal imbalances contributing to low sperm count.

If you are suffering from any of these symptoms, it is advisable that you see your fertility expert immediately. Your doctor will be able to prescribe some semen analysis tests for low sperm count, which can determine the number of sperm per mil of semen. At Aveya IVF, our expert team provides you with the best solution after evaluating the underlying issues and causes of infertility. 

Diagnosis of oligospermia at Aveya IVF Centre

To diagnose oligospermia, at Aveya IVF Centre, we perform several tests, including:

  1. Semen Analysis: We conduct semen analysis on priority as this is the primary test that is used for diagnosing oligospermia. Here, the sample is taken for analyzing the sperm count, morphology i.e. shape, and motility.
  2. Hormonal Testing: Hormonal levels such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone are analyzed with blood tests so that any underlying issues can be easily identified. 
  3. DFI (DNA Fragmentation Index): This test measures the level of DNA damage in sperm cells. High DNA fragmentation in sperm is often associated with male infertility and may result in issues with fertilization, embryo development, or pregnancy loss. DFI is measured using specialized tests like the TUNEL assay or SCSA (sperm chromatin structure assay).
  4. Semen culture- The test is carried out to check the presence of bacterial, viral, or fungal infections in the semen. Various infections could be detected such as prostatitis, epididymitis, or sexually transmitted infections (STIs) which impact the quality of sperm negatively. Semen culture ensures that microorganisms are identified so that the best treatment options can be considered.
  5. HOS (Hypo-Osmotic Swelling) Test- the test is undertaken here to assess the viability and membrane integrity of sperms in the body. It majorly helps in determining whether sperm are capable of fertilizing an egg or not while considering the right treatment options for the same.
  6. Genetic Testing: Chromosomal analysis may be recommended in cases where genetic disorders are suspected.
  7. Ultrasound: For detecting issues, we ensure ultrasound is conducted to assess varicocele or any other structural abnormalities.
  8. Testicular Biopsy: In rare cases, a biopsy of the testicle may be needed to assess sperm production directly.
  9. Thyroid and diabetes test-Diabetes both type 1 and type 2 affects male fertility in different ways which include poor sperm quality, libido, and erectile function. Moreover, thyroid hormones influence the production of sex hormones which are important for fertility. Thus, tests are conducted for its evaluation.
  10. Obesity test– Obesity is a significant factor that affects male fertility as it influences various aspects of reproductive health, including sperm quality, hormone levels, and overall sexual function. The tests majorly focus on semen quality, hormonal imbalance, and metabolic effects of obesity on fertility.
  11. Test for Viability: This test assesses the proportion of live sperm in the semen sample. While standard semen analysis often looks at motility, the viability test specifically identifies whether the sperm are alive, which is important for fertilization potential. Non-motile sperm might still be alive and capable of fertilizing an egg if assisted by techniques like intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

Various treatment options are available for low sperm count or Oligospermia

There are various treatment options for oligospermia, depending on the underlying cause. At Aveya IVF, we offer personalized treatment plans to help you achieve your goal of fatherhood. Treatment options include:

Surgical treatment– Sperm count can be increased in several cases like surgical treatment carried out for variocele. Moreover, In cases of azoospermia (no sperm in the ejaculate), sperm retrieval techniques like testicular sperm extraction (TESE) can be used for in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for retrieving sperms directly from the testicles or epididymis  

Treating infections– Antibiotics can cure an infection of the reproductive tract, but this doesn’t always restore fertility.

Treatments for sexual intercourse problems– Medication or counseling can help improve fertility in conditions such as erectile dysfunction or premature ejaculation.

Hormone treatments and medications– Your doctor might recommend hormone replacement or medications in cases where infertility is caused by high or low levels of certain hormones or problems with the way the body uses hormones.

Assisted reproductive technology (ART)-  several treatments could be undertaken with ART such as IUI, IVF, and ICSI.

  • Intrauterine Insemination (IUI): IUI is considered an effective treatment when the sperm count is low but its motility is adequate. Here, sperm are directly injected into the uterus. 
  • In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): IVF is majorly taken up for several severe cases of oligospermia. This leads to fertilization of eggs outside the body and getting the embryo transferred directly in the uterus.
  • Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI): it is used when sperm motility is low, here a single sperm is injected directly into an egg. For ICSI, typically 10-12 sperm may be sufficient for fertilizing multiple eggs.

These treatments involve obtaining sperm through normal ejaculation, surgical extraction, or from donor individuals, depending on your specific situation and wishes. The sperm are then inserted into the female genital tract, or used for IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection

 

Increase Sperm Count Naturally

  • There are some dietary changes that your doctor can suggest. Foods rich in certain nutritional value might be helpful
  • Some supplements might also help
  • If you are a smoker, then you must quit smoking
  • Yoga & exercise can help too

Success rate- Success rates for IVF with oligospermia vary based on the severity of the condition, the quality of the sperm, the age of the female partner, and other factors. At Aveya IVF Centre, we provide tailored treatment plans to maximize the chances of a successful pregnancy, including the use of ICSI when necessary. The success rate at Aveya IVF is 75%-80% for oligospermia. 

Why consult our experts in the Aveya IVF Centre for Oligospermia

At Aveya IVF Centre, we take a holistic and personalized approach to treating male fertility concerns, including oligospermia. Our fertility specialists work closely with you to understand your situation and recommend the best treatment options. We are committed to providing compassionate care, advanced treatments, and a supportive environment to help you achieve your dream of becoming a parent.

If you are struggling with a low sperm count or any other fertility issues, don’t hesitate to contact Aveya IVF. Our team is here to guide you through every step of your fertility journey.

Contact Aveya IVF Today Ready to explore your fertility treatment options? Reach out to Aveya IVF for a consultation, and let us help you take the first step toward growing your family. 

Call us today or schedule an appointment online!!!

Frequently Asked Questions:

What is Oligospermia?

Oligospermia refers to a condition where a man has a low sperm count, specifically fewer than 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen. This can affect fertility and make it more difficult for a couple to conceive naturally.

What are the Symptoms of Oligospermia?

In most cases, men with oligospermia do not experience noticeable symptoms. The only clear sign is typically infertility or difficulty conceiving. However, some men may experience:
– Pain or swelling in the testicles.
– Erectile dysfunction.
– Reduced facial or body hair growth.
– Changes in libido or sexual function.

How is Oligospermia Diagnosed?

Oligospermia is diagnosed through a semen analysis, where a sample of semen is examined under a microscope to assess the sperm count, motility, and morphology. A sperm count of less than 15 million sperm per milliliter indicates oligospermia.

Can Oligospermia Be Treated?

Yes, in many cases, oligospermia can be treated or managed. The treatment success rate depends on the severity of the condition and the underlying causes. Some men may see significant improvements with lifestyle changes, while others may require ART for successful conception.

How Can Lifestyle Changes Improve Sperm Count?

Making the following lifestyle changes can improve sperm count and overall fertility:
– Maintain a healthy weight and balanced diet.
– Avoid smoking, excessive alcohol, and recreational drugs.
– Get regular exercise but avoid excessive heat (e.g., from hot tubs or saunas).
– Manage stress through relaxation techniques or therapy.
– Ensure adequate sleep and avoid overexposure to toxins or chemicals.

What is the Role of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) in Treating Oligospermia?

IVF is a highly effective treatment for couples struggling with male infertility, including oligospermia. In cases where sperm count is very low, ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) is often used, where a single sperm is injected directly into the egg. This increases the chances of successful fertilization even with a low sperm count.

Can I Still Father a Child Naturally with Oligospermia?

It depends on the severity of the condition. Men with mild oligospermia may still be able to father a child naturally, though it might take longer. For more severe cases, assisted reproductive technologies like IUI or IVF may be necessary.

Is Oligospermia a Permanent Condition?

Not always. If the underlying cause is treatable, such as a hormonal imbalance or infection, sperm count may improve with appropriate treatment. However, some cases of oligospermia may be permanent, particularly if they are due to genetic factors or irreversible damage to the reproductive system.

How Can Aveya IVF Centre Help with Oligospermia?

At Aveya IVF Centre, we offer comprehensive fertility evaluations and personalized treatment plans for men with oligospermia. Our team of experienced fertility specialists can help determine the underlying cause of your low sperm count and recommend the best course of action, including lifestyle changes, medical treatment, or advanced reproductive techniques like IUI or IVF.

What are the Success Rates for IVF with Oligospermia?

Success rates for IVF with oligospermia vary based on the severity of the condition, the quality of the sperm, the age of the female partner, and other factors. At Aveya IVF Centre, we provide tailored treatment plans to maximize the chances of a successful pregnancy, including the use of ICSI when necessary.

How Long Does it Take to See Results from Treatment?

The timeline for results depends on the type of treatment and the specific situation. For lifestyle changes, it may take several months to see an improvement in sperm count. For medical treatments, such as hormonal therapy or surgery, results can vary. IVF and ICSI typically offer quicker results, with the process taking about 1–2 months from stimulation to embryo transfer.

Are There Any Risks Associated with IVF for Oligospermia?

IVF and ICSI are generally safe, but as with any medical procedure, there are some risks involved, such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) for women, or potential complications from egg retrieval. Your fertility specialist will discuss these risks in detail and take all necessary precautions to minimize them.

Can Oligospermia Be Prevented?

While some causes of oligospermia (like genetic factors) cannot be prevented, many lifestyle-related causes can be avoided. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, avoiding exposure to toxins, and managing stress can all help in reducing the risk of oligospermia.

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